Chapter (Numero Dos)

Cøøl Stuff

Close Reading - Close reading is the ability to locate the 'nutritional value' within a text so that you can read it multiple times without getting bored. This process involves understanding a text, finding the bigger picture/idea, writing about what you have read, and find examples to back up your interpretation.

Colloquialisms - A word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation. (Dude, like wassup?)

"Just as we pay attention to more than the spoken words during a conversation, when we read closely, we look beyond the words on the page."
  
Diction - Choice of words

Syntax - Arrangement of words

Trope - Artful diction, containing many literary devices. (Book lists tropes to use many metaphors, similes, personifications, and hyperboles.)

Scheme - Artful syntax, containing certain arrangements not often found in some works. (Book lists schemes to include, parallelisms, juxtapositions, and antitheses.)

Metaphor - A comparison of two objects, without using 'like' or 'as'.

Simile - A comparison of two objects, using the words 'like' or 'as'.

Personification - Giving an inanimate/lifeless objects human traits or characteristics to enhance description.

Hyperbole - An exaggeration that isn't meant to be taken literally.

Parallelism - The use of successive verbal constructions that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. 

Juxtaposition - The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

Antitheses - A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else/contrast/contradiction between two objects.

QUESTIONS ONE SHOULD ASK THEMSELVES WHEN ANALYZING DICTION:

- "Which of the important words in the passage (verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs) are general an abstract? Which are specific and concrete?"

- "Are the important words formal, informal, colloquial, or slang?"

- "Are some words nonliteral or figurative, creating figures of speech such as metaphors?"

QUESTIONS ONE SHOULD ASK THEMSELVES WHEN ANALYZING SYNTAX:

- "What is the order of the parts of the sentence? Is it the usual (subject-verb-object), or is it inverted?

- "Which part of speech is more prominent -- Nouns or verbs?"

- "What are the sentences like? Are they periodic (Moving toward something important at the end) or cumulative (adding details that support an important idea in the beginning of the sentence)?"

- "How does the sentence connect its words, phrases, and clauses?"   

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Annotation - Reading through a text/book/whatever and marking it up. Circling words, highlighting important parts such as thesis statements. The book says to do this in post-it notes if we're not allowed to write in our books, but I don't think that's a problem for us. (Thanks Fielding.)

Oxymoron - Contrasting ideas put together purposely. 

Zeugma - A figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g., John and his license expired last week) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g., with weeping eyes and hearts)

Syllepsis -  A figure of speech in which a word is applied to two others in different senses (e.g., caught the train and a bad cold) or to two others of which it grammatically suits only one (e.g., neither they nor it is working).

"Another great way to interact with a text is to keep a Dialectical Journal, or double-entry notebook!" 

Awesome...

Graphic Organizer - Another way of organizing thoughts on a piece. This is done by breaking down each section and dividing it up for concise analysis. 

Anaphora - Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.

Hortative sentences - Language that urges or calls to action. <------

Antimetabole - Repetition of words in reverse order. 

Archaic Diction - Old-fashioned, moldy, gross-smelling, outdated words typically found in writings of the past.

Asyndeton - The omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.

Imperative Sentence - Commanding, forceful sentences to initiate action.

Metonymy - Figure of speech that says on thing is another in order to explain by comparison. 

Rhetorical question - A question that is employed for the effect of rhetoric and not for the purpose of actually getting an answer.